SDR Software Defined Radio

- Full coverage of all amateur bands from 136 kHz through HF, 6m, 2m, 4m, 2m, 1.25m, 70cm, 33cm, 23cm
(150 kHz-240 MHz and 420 MHz-1.9 GHz, 70 kHz-150 kHz coverage through your software’s NCO offset)
- 0.5ppm TCXO
- 192 kHz sampling rate
- Eleven discrete front end filters
- Super sharp SAW filters on 2m and 70cm
- No extra device drivers
- Mid October 2012 availability"


SDR Software Defined Radio [16. Juni 2012, ..., mkn]

Software Defined Radio (SDR) Software Defined Radio DE
Software Defind Radio, an Introduction by ARRL
F4DAN ---> overview about various SDR projects and SW by CHRISTOPHE F4DAN --->		AN SDR CLASSIFICATION MODEL

Radio= Rx and TX, Übersetzung des englischen "Radio" als Funkgerät
defined:

The Wireless Innovation Forum SDR forum 2.0

Hardware, Software Antenne -> RF Hardware -> PC --> Software --> Signal processing, filtering --> demodulation Block diagram Analog and digital part analog-digital-analog


Spectrum
Band
Frequency range
Bandwidth
Modulation
Receiver, Transmitter, Transceiver
Dynamic range, AGC
Signal analysis
FFT Fast Fourier Transformation
Waterfall	Spectrum Analyzer amplitude (y axis) frequency (x axis) Spektrum Analysator	http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=daY-fkMYN_M Waterfall help
Tuning Frequency
LO Local Oscillator

Auswertung: Amplitude, Frequenz, Zeit

Equipment	Display
	y axis, y Achse	x axis, x Achse


Oscilloscope	Amplitude	Time
Spectrum Analyzer Spektrum Analysator	Amplitude	Frequency

SDR
Spectrum	Amplitude	Frequency
Waterfall	Amplitude(Farbe), Time	Frequency	displaying the history of amplitude vs frequency

	Hardware		Software
Tuner, RF Front End	Input	RF signal			Steuerung des Tuners, Frequenz, Gain, AGC
Preselection of RF	Low pass, high pass, band pass, notch filter
LNA	low noise amplifier
Filtering RF	Low pass, high pass, band pass, notch filter				Bandbreite
Direct Sampling
Mixer
	IF(IF, BW, LIF, Z-IF)	Z-IF, Zero-IF,DC direct conversion
	Output	I/Q base band, analog signals
	Control	LO Local Oscillator			Frequenzraster, frequency steps
	Reference Oscillator				Quarz, TCXO
	Communication	I2C
DSP

	Input
Demodulator
	Output
	Interface	USB2
Computer			OS		Linux, Windows, Android, etc.
	Interface	Sound board
		USB	SDR		controls Tuner, frequency, band, AGC
				Input	Sound board	ExtIO USRP
					I/Q base band, analog signals
				Processing	DSP Digital Signal Processing
					filtering, bandpass, notch, etc.
					demodulation
					noise blanking
				output	demodulated signal


RF Front-End, CMOS RF Tuner Elonics E4000

	Elonics Insolvency, Future?	Elonics Metis to take part in active auction in US ELONICS LIMITED (in Liquidation) http://www.edinburgh-gazette.co.uk/issues/27079/notices/79	http://metispartners.com/?s=elonics

	Tuner Elonics† E4000 †	Note: †, 28 July 2012: Elonics webpages are "empty", all content deleted. There were a lot of interesting White Papers, etc. Update: All sites available again, noted on 22nd August 2012	Try searching machines and you find a lot "Elonics pdf"
	E4000 Product Brief† ---> look at FUNCubeDongle	DAB+ and FM Radio USB Dongle Reference Design†	Elonics Doc's


		Elonics E4000 reference schematic

			ELONICS E4000E
		Source: Elonics



RF Front-end Tuner FC0013

	Tuner Fitipower FC0013 fiticomm incorporated Fitipower Technologies

Supported standard and interface
	TV Standard	FC0011/FC0012 EOL	FC0013 MP	FC0014 ES 2011 Q4 MP
	DVB-T	X	X	X
	DVB-C			X
	DVB-S
	ISDB_T 1SEG	X	X	X
	ISDB_T FULL SEG	X	X	X
	CTTB (DTMB)	X	X	X
	CMMB	X	X	X
	ATSC			X
	NTSC			X
	PAL			X
	SECAM			X
	DAB	X	X	X
	DAB+	X	X	X
	FM	X	X	X
	GPS		X	X

	Interface	FC0011/FC0012	FC0013	FC0014
	I/Q output interface	X	X	X
	Low IF interface			X

	Source: fiticomm 14th June 2012	EOL End of Life	MP Mass Production

This page is still under construction, I am using it as my online notebook.

To Do It's time to sort the content on this page! ;-)

Auswertung: Amplitude, Frequenz, Zeit

Realtek RTL2832U Based Software Defined Radio and more

RTL-SDR.COM

Kalibration des internen Synthesizers

Modifikationen

AIRSPY

Spectrum Analyzer

SDR DX Patrol MK3

PowerSDR™

SDRplay

KiwiSDR, es muß nicht immer ein RTL-SDR sein

DRM+ Digital Radio Mondiale Plus

RF Front-end Tuner FC0013

R828D

Demodulator RTL2832U

Decoding

ADS-B

ANDROID

LINUX

I-Q-Demodulation

DDC

Further RF Tuner

Rafael Micro R820T

	Rafael Microelectronics Inc. Rafael Micro R820T Datasheet--> R820T datasheet

	http://radioaficion.com/cms/r820t-rafael-micro/
	R820T tuner support in librtlsdr ---> used IF, new driver extends the PLL range! - tuner_comparison

	RTL2832U / R820T vs RTL2832U / E4000 Hamradioscience.com

	http://sdr.osmocom.org/trac/wiki/rtl-sdr


	Mods and performance of R820T based RTL SDR receiver by Laiduko blogas




	http://ebrombaugh.studionebula.com/radio/r820t2_breakout/

	R828D

	https://www.reddit.com/r/RTLSDR/comments/643f6v/r828d_testing/

Demodulator RTL2832U


	- Demodulator ist untertrieben, der IC bietet viel mehr
	REALTEK

RTL2832U DVB-T COFDM Demodulator + USB 2.0		Source: REALTEK [14.05.2012]

		REALTEK

"General Description
	The RTL2832U is a high-performance DVB-T COFDM demodulator that supports a USB 2.0 interface.
	The RTL2832U complies with NorDig Unified 1.0.3, D-Book 5.0, and EN300 744 (ETSI Specification).
	It supports 2K or 8K mode with 6, 7, and 8 MHz bandwidth. Modulation parameters, e.g., code rate, and guard interval, are automatically detected.
	The state-of-the-art RTL2832U features Realtek proprietary algorithms (patent-pending), including superior channel estimation, co-channel interface rejection, long echo channel reception, and impulse noise cancellation, and provides an ideal solution for a wide range of applications for PC-TV, such as USB dongle and MiniCard/USB, and embedded system via USB interface.

	The RTL2832U supports tuners at IF (Intermediate Frequency, 36.125 MHz), low-IF (4.57 MHz),
	or Zero-IF output using a 28.8 MHz crystal, and includes FM/DAB/DAB+ Radio Support.
	Embedded with an advanced ADC (Analog-to-Digital Converter), the RTL2832U features high stability in portable reception.


Features
	COFDM complying with Nordig Unified 1.0.3, D-book 5.0, and ETSI 300-744
	Supports multiple IF frequencies (4.57 MHz or 36.167 MHz) and spectrum inversion	(36.167 or 36.125 MHz??)
	Includes Radio Support (FM/DAB/DAB+)	means I/Q sampling and transfer via USB data
	Includes ISDB-T(SBTVD-T) 1-Seg
	Supports Zero-IF input	used in connection with tuners as E4000, FC0012, FC0013
	Single low-cost crystal for clock generation (±100ppm)
	Automatic transmission mode and guard interval detection
	Impulse noise cancellation circuits
	Automatic carrier recovery over a wide range offset (±800KHz)
	Superior performance with pre/post/long echo profiles
	Embedded adjacent and co-channel interference rejection circuit
	Delayed AGC with programmable Take-Over Point (TOP)
	7-bit ADC for RF signals level measurement
	Hardware MPEG-2 PID filters
	Infra-red port for remote control and wake-up, protocols supported are:
	- Microsoft RC6 protocol
	- NEC, Sony, SIRC, RC-5 protocol
	Eight general purpose I/O ports
	USB 2.0 Interface
	- Supports USB Full/High speed
	- Configurable vendor information via external EEPROM
	- Passes USB-IF certification
	Signal 3.3V external power is required	Signal or single?
	48-pin QFN (6x6 mm2) Green Package

Applications
	Portable DTV device
	USB dongle
	MiniCard "

	Blockschaltbild des RTL2832U - COFDM-Decoder - Radio-Support - Clock Generator - Quarz 28,8 MHz - I- und Q-Eingänge - ADC, 8 bit - IR-Remote Control - USB-Daten - ADC für RF-Pegel-Messung, 7 bit - AGC -> RF-Tuner IF-Tuner
	Realtek RTL2832U " The mystery chip at the heart of RTL-SDR."
	RTL2832 datasheet / deep info?
	http://superkuh.com/rtlsdr.html
	---------------------------------------------------

	SDR mit DVB-T USB Dongle

	RTL-SDR vs FunCubeDongle by DL7NB

Installation
	Installing the SDRSharp Application & RTL2832 based USB SDR Radio
GPS
	Michele's GNSS blog	---> 2. RTL-SDR

	----------------------------------------------------------
	Device Hint NOXON DABStick DLR RTL tuner=e4k



	-------------------------------------------------------------------

	- Why is Latency Important in SDRs? by Victor Wollesen and Brendon McHugh - Per Vices Oct 18, 2021 - "By definition, latency is the amount of time delay in sending data from one point to the next."

Product	VID	PID	Tuner	Demodulator	ExtIO Hints	Hersteller(VID)
	0x0ccd	0x00a9	FC0012				Terratec Cinergy T Stick Black (rev 1)
Terratec NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle (rev 1)	0x0ccd	0x00b3	FC0013	Realtek RTL2832U			Terratec NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle (rev 1)
	0x0ccd	0x00d3	E4000				Terratec Cinergy T Stick RC (Rev.3)
Terratec NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle (rev 2)	0x0ccd	0x00e0	E4000				Terratec NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle (rev 2)
Terratec NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle (rev 1), DLR version	0x0ccd	0x00b4	FC0013	Realtek RTL2832U	RTL vid=0x0CCD pid=0x00B4		Terratec NOXON DAB/DAB+ USB dongle (rev 1) , DLR
TREKSTOR Terres2 DVB-T DAB+ FM	0x1f4d	0xb803	E4000	Realtek RTL2832U	RTL vid=0x1f4d pid=0xc803 tuner=e4k	G-Tek Electronics Group
					RTL vid=0x1f4d pid=0xc803 tuner=e4000
	0x1f4d	0xb803	FC0012				GTek T803
	0x1f4d	0xc803	FC0012				Lifeview LV5TDeluxe

	Rev.	Version	Ant	Hardware	VID	PID	DAB/DAB+ Player	Treiber	EAN-Code

NOXON DAB Stick	2		Teleskop-Antenne	Realtek RTL2832U Elonics E4000	0xCCD	0x00E0	DAB MediaPlayer
NOXON DAB Stick			Teleskop-Antenne		0xCCD	0x00B3	DAB MediaPlayer		4017273107745
NOXON DAB Stick DLR Version	1	K1b	Magnetfuß-Antenne	Realtek RTL2832U Fitipower FC0013	0xCCD	0x00B4	Deutschlandradio DAB MediaPlayer, 4.0.091	86.001.0504.2011	4017273107776
NOXON DAB Stick DLR Version	1	K1	Magnetfuß-Antenne	Realtek RTL2832U Fitipower FC0013	0xCCD	0x00B4	Deutschlandradio DAB MediaPlayer, 4.0.086	86.001.0504.2011	4017273107776(?)
NOXON DAB Stick	1		Magnetfuß-Antenne	Realtek RTL2832U Fitipower FC0013	0xCCD	0x00B3	DAB MediaPlayer




	Device ID: VID: Vendor ID PID: Product ID Tuning E4000 With tuner=e4k gap between 972MHz and 1.311MHz With tuner=e4000 no gap ---> other issues for lower frequencies TREKSTOR Terres 2.0 devmgmt.msc USB\VID_1F4D&PID_C803&REV_0100&MI_00 USB\VID_1F4D&PID_C803&MI_00


	http://www.linux-usb.org/usb.ids Hersteller G-Tek Electronics Group Used dongle: TREKSTOR Terres2 Wrong detect of used device, as it looking for VID PID only, SW issue of the test.exe C:\__Private\SDR\osmocomSDR\rtl-sdr-release\x64>rtl_test.exe -t Found 1 device(s): 0: Lifeview LV5TDeluxe Using device 0: Lifeview LV5TDeluxe Found Elonics E4000 tuner Supported gain values (18): -1.0 1.5 4.0 6.5 9.0 11.5 14.0 16.5 19.0 21.5 24.0 2 9.0 34.0 42.0 43.0 45.0 47.0 49.0 Benchmarking E4000 PLL... [E4K] PLL not locked for 51000000 Hz! [E4K] PLL not locked for 2179000000 Hz! [E4K] PLL not locked for 1090000000 Hz! [E4K] PLL not locked for 1224000000 Hz! E4K range: 52 to 2178 MHz E4K L-band gap: 1090 to 1224 MHz

Decoding

	signals, modulation, data protocols

	AIS, ADS-B, METEO-SAT, TETRA

	AIS Marine Traffic

	Automatic Identification System by de.wikipedia.org

	AIS 1 CHANNEL A (VHF 87B) 161.975 MHz AIS 2 CHANNEL B (VHF 88B) 162.025 MHz 430,8655 MHz
	VB-Audio Virtual Cable
	Virtual Audio Cable

	AISMon AIS Monitor

	Set the receive mode to “NFM”, bandwidth to “12.5 KHz” (or “25 KHz” since some AIS broadcasts use a larger bandwidth signal), filter order to “10”, filter audio to “OFF” and squelch to “OFF”.

	http://www.marinetraffic.com/

	http://www.marinetraffic.com/files/DIY_VHF_Radio_vS.pdf

	https://www.skipperguide.de/wiki/AIS_-_Automatic_Identification_System/AIS-Empfang

	RTL-SDR Tutorial: Cheap AIS Ship Tracking




	868_MHz_Traffic_Detective_A_Software_Based_Tool_for_Radio_Traffic_Monitoring.pdf

	CANFI: Cheap Automatic Noise Figure Indicator by DF9IC
	Noise-Figure-Meter by DL2KHP

	Soft-DVB_A_Fully-Software_GNU_Radio-based_ETSI_DVB-T_Modulator by


	MSi2500 Mirics FlexiTV™ USB Interface IC by MIRCIS Mirics FlexiTV™ - ADC resolution of ~10 bits
	MSi001, MSi002 FlexiRF™ Tuner


	DVB-T Digital Terrestrial TV Receiver Solution for PCs
	A 21cm Radio Telescope for the Cost-Conscious

LINUX
	- GNU Radio "RTL-SDR and GNU Radio with Realtek RTL2832U [Elonics E4000/Raphael Micro R820T] software defined radio receiver."
	- MathLab
	- LabVIEW™
	- Simulink™
- LINRAD LINuxRADio
	SM5BSZ Home Page - EQUIPMENT FOR VHF DX - Linrad ---> Windows Linrad for newcomers How to install Linrad under Windows RTL-SDR WITH LINRAD UNDER LINUX
	ON4KHG SDR --> LINRAD --> "Linrad Installation and Configuration User Guide"


	C (Programmiersprache)

	Microsoft Visual Studio on Windows

	- https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_software-defined_radios


Realtek RTL2832U Based Software Defined Radio and more




	Source of E4000's picture: Elonics , der Quarz könnte auch dem Tuner zugeordnet sein
	Trekstor DVB-T Stick Terres 2.0


	Seit Jahren benutzt man SDR's u.a. in Form der verschiedenen FM-, TV- oder DAB-USB-Sticks für Computer oder Laptops. Nunmehr eröffnet sich mit dem NOXON DAB Stick und anderen ein sehr kostengünstiger Einstieg in die Welt der SDR, mit zahlreichen neuen Anwendungen.	Seit 2011 sind verschieden DVB-T/DAB/FM Radio USB-Sticks unter Verwendung des REALTEK Schaltkreises RTL2832U auf dem Markt verfügbar.

	A new SDR hype was born on 09th Feb 2012.
	SDR FM demodulation Antti Palosaari	"... Date: 2012-02-09 15:01:12 GMT ... I have taken radio sniffs from FM capable Realtek DVB-T device. Looks like demodulator ADC samples IF frequency and pass all the sampled data to the application. Application is then responsible for decoding that. Device supports DVB-T, FM and DAB. I can guess both FM and DAB are demodulated by software." Nutzung der durch Realtek RTL2832U implementierten Unterstützng: Includes Radio Support (FM/DAB/DAB+) Genutzt durch die DAB/DAB+, FM Software der verschiedenen Sticks NOXON DAB Stick Trekstor Terres 2.0

ExtIO USRP
	Full name: ExtIO_USRP+FCD+RTL2832 + BorIP ExtIO USRP dient als Bindeglied(plug-in) zwischen dem USB-Stick(Hardware RX) und der SDR-Software wie Winrad, WRplus und HDSDR, etc.	Balint Seeber ---> written by Brenda Balint on Twitter
	USRP, FUNcube, RTL2832(DVB-T/DAB) + BorIP network streaming client
		Ultra Cheap SDR --->"Welcome to the forum - a place to discuss all things related to cheap Software Defined Radio, with focus on using RTL2832U-based DVB-T USB dongles on Linux with GNU Radio, and on Windows with HDSDR." Ultra Cheap SDR
	Installation ......
	USB Driver Installation ---> USRP Zadig - Zadig _{USB driver installation made easy}
		Options: List All Devices and select Bulk-In, Interface (Interface 0)



	"*Zadig* is a Windows application that installs generic USB drivers, such as WinUSB, libusb-win32/libusb0.sys or libusbK, to help you access USB devices. It can be especially useful for cases where: you want to access a device using a libusb-based application you want to upgrade a generic USB driver you want to access a device using WinUSB Note: "libusb-based" above means an application that uses either libusb, libusb-win32 or libusbK."	Quelle: Zadig

	- Aktualisierung ZADIG-Driver 2.7 am 17.03.22 - Options -> List All Devices




	http://wiki.spench.net/wiki/USRP_Interfaces#Update_history http://www.spench.net
	http://wiki.spench.net/wiki/USRP_Interfaces#Help

	RTL2832U-based DVB-T USB Dongle Device hint RTL mandatory E4000 tuner LNA gain setable between -5dB and 30dB---> Gain Mid is not working(!,?) Sample rate: ADC's of RTL2832U	Version 1.5.1

Device hint: RTL


	Simulation und Realisierung einer Helixantenne für 2,45 GHz mit 4NEC2
	http://www.gunthard-kraus.de/inhalt_de.htm
	mischer ade 1-2 mcl
	http://www.dxpatrol.pt/images/Docs/DXpatrol-SDR.pdf
	https://radioamateur.org/forums/index.php?/topic/33120-rtl-dsr-sdr/
	http://blog.palosaari.fi/2013/10/naked-hardware-14-dvb-t2-usb-tv-stick.html
	https://zadig.akeo.ie/
	http://www.dxpatrol.pt/images/Docs/FCD5a.pdf
	https://drm-radio-kl.eu/berichte_vortraege/drmplus-hdradio/Bericht_TU_KL-DRMplus_Demonstrator.pdf
	http://www.ab4oj.com/icom/ic7600/ic7600_rtl_sdr.pdf
	http://www.gunthard-kraus.de/CD_Kraus-Publications/Alle_Publikationen/2014-1_DVB-T-Stick%20mit%20R820-Tuner%20als%20Messempf%C3%A4nger/41_UKW_S03_13_Kraus.pdf
	http://www.gunthard-kraus.de/CD_Kraus-Publications/Alle_Publikationen/2015-1_HDSDR%20f%C3%BCr%20DVB-T-Sticks/51_UKW_S43_54_Kraus.pdf
	http://www.gunthard-kraus.de/HDSDR%20und%20R820T2%20f%C3%BCr%20die%20Homepage/HDSDR%20und%20R820T2_neu.pdf
	https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304081073_Partial_Discharge_Detection_Using_Low_Cost_RTL-SDR_Model_for_Wideband_Spectrum_Sensing
	http://www.radioamatoripeligni.it/i6ibe/rtl2832hf/dongle.htm
	http://www.dl0hst.de/dateien/technik/DG0KW_SDR-Rx-Bausatz.pdf
	http://www.zendamateur.com/viewtopic.php?f=3&t=18085&start=90
	https://www.rtl-sdr.com/buy-rtl-sdr-dvb-t-dongles/
	- block diagram SDR,
	- block diagram RF Front End, SDR Software VAC
	, ~~ExtIO~~, PC, ~~2 ADC, right position of USB connection 1---4, D+ D-~~
	- min requirements for PC, GHz, RAM, etc
	- signal interruptions MD8008, Anforderungen an die CPU durch die Software
	- influence by USB hub
	- ~~transfer to final directory~~
	- antenna length for Band II and III
	- Die Antenne ist der beste Hochfrequenzverstärker.
	-
	- Wirkt das Antennenkabel oder auch der Strahler?
	- Delivered rod antenna, antenna or a piece of coaxial cable with open end ? Depending of received frequency band

	- supporting L-Band, rev 1.0 too?
	- E4000 info
	- FC0013
	Tuning E4000
	- VLC device reference
	- NOXON DAB Stick DLR
	- pictures
	- Pending issue: Does the XTAL wired with E4000 or RTL2832U?


VCO	Voltage controlled oscillator	spannungsgesteuerter Oszillator
LO	Local oscillator


I-Q-Demodulation

	IQ Theory-of-Operation by Microwave Journal
	I&Q-Verfahren

	LTC5585 - Wideband IQ Demodulator with IIP2 and DC Offset Control
	Digital Modulation in Communications Systems

DDC

	Digital Down Converters (DDC)
	Wideband Digital Down Converter